Universities are called upon to contribute to lifelong learning both by certifying individual learning courses and by offering lifelong learning programmes, namely any training activity for adults that is designed to help them choose a specialization or find employment. The Department of Political and Social Science offers advanced training and lifelong learning courses through cooperation/conventions with external organizations (businesses and public institutions). Its members offer refresher courses for primary and secondary school teachers, particularly in the field of European citizenship education. Many of its members teach in postgraduate, Master's and advanced training courses at other universities.